Abstract
Historical studies of modernization tend to focus on summarizing historical experiences and lessons and associate them closely with the current modernization process. From the beginning of the twentieth century, East Asia and the whole world experienced more remarkable changes than any time before. Under the new situation, our modernization study should have a better vision and a broader spirit and conduct more research on empirical "issues" rather than "doctrines." It should promote innovative and transcending ideas, examine breakdowns, frustrations, and failures in past modernization development, and reflect critically on "modernization" itself, even including evaluating and studying worldwide antimodernization ideas.
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