Abstract
One of the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 is building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialisation, and fostering innovation. This paper aims to analyse the possible consequences of stimulating commercial exploitation of academic research, encouraged by recent policy initiatives and legislative changes, on the quantity and quality of scientific knowledge in Spain’s public universities. We collected data of innovation variables (national patents, R&D and consultancy agreements, services rendered, licenses and PCT extensions and spin-offs), publications and number of citations for 48 Spanish public universities in 2009–2018 from Observatorio IUNE, which obtains data from the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office, the Network of Research Results Transfer Offices and Web of Science. The results of linear regressions models showed that universities that render more services and have a greater number of PCTs (patent cooperation treaties), have a positive impact on the quantity and quality of the publications in Spanish universities. However, the number of national patents has no impact on the scientific output. Finally, universities with a greater number of patents have a lower number of citations.
Highlights
IntroductionThe first academic revolution in Germany, when universities began to engage in research, took place in the 19th century
Jesús García-MoralesUniversities have always been seen as institutions aimed at teaching and research.The first academic revolution in Germany, when universities began to engage in research, took place in the 19th century
The reason for this period of 12 years is that there is no data available for the variable “number of national patents of public universities” for the years 2020 and 2021 because in Spain, there is a period of 18 months between the filing of the application and its publication, so it can be estimated that the average period of granting a patent will be approximately 21 months
Summary
The first academic revolution in Germany, when universities began to engage in research, took place in the 19th century. The idea that one of the objectives of a university should be the economic and social development of the region began in the second half of the. According to the definition of Grimaldi et al [2], an entrepreneurial university refers to the commitment of the university to the commercialisation of research, including formal mechanisms [3,4,5] and informal mechanisms [5,6,7]. Most European universities have created transfer technology offices (TTOs), whose main objective is to serve as intermediaries between university scientists and those who could help commercialise innovations [8]. According to Philpott et al [9], Schmitz et al [10], Guenther and Wagner [11], Miller et al [12] and Liu and van der Sijde [13], the universities’ entrepreneurial activities should include: Received: 14 March 2021
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