Innocuity studies of SAG-2 oral rabies vaccine in various Zimbabwean wild non-target species

Abstract

The SAG-2 modified live rabies vaccine was tested for innocuity when administered by the oral route in several potential wild non-target bait-consuming species, as follows: ten chacma baboons ( Papio ursinus), six African civets ( Civettictis civetta), six slender mongooses ( Galerella sanguinea), six honey badgers ( Mellivora capensis), six largespotted genets ( Genetta tigrina), 39 multi-mammate mice ( Mastomys natalensis), 26 bushveld gerbils ( Tatera leucogaster) and six pied crows ( Corvus albus). At least 9.0 log 10 median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID 50), given in a volume of 1 ml, was administered orally to each of the animals, except the rodents which received 8.0 log 10 TCID 50, given in 0.1 ml. All the animals were observed for not <90 days for signs of vaccine-induced rabies. Most of the species were also tested for vaccine virus replication in the oral cavity and persistent virus infection in the brain, salivary gland and tonsil. None of the animals died of rabies and no persistent infection was found. Rabies virus which was pathologically and serotypically indistinguishable from the vaccinal strain was isolated from the saliva of one genet 1 day after vaccine administration. From this study it was concluded that SAG-2 rabies vaccine would be safe for use in most situations where oral vaccination campaigns for jackals are required in Zimbabwe.