Abstract
Pope Innocent I wrote to Exsuperius of Toulouse about a shift in the history of penance away from harshness, i.e., from durior to inclinatior. This article suggests that the change to which Innocent refers took place in the middle of the third century, making it necessary to ask what did, in fact, change. The meaning of that change becomes clearer by contrasting Tertullian’s defense of penance in the de pudicitia with an increasing emphasis on a penance which leads explicitly to pardon.
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