Inner Ear Hair Cell Protection in Mammals against the Noise-Induced Cochlear Damage.

Muhammad Waqas,Iram-Us-Salam Iram-Us-Salam,Song Gao,Yongming Ma,Wenyan Li,Muhammad Kazim Ali

doi:10.1155/2018/3170801

Abstract

Inner ear hair cells are mechanosensory receptors that perceive mechanical sound and help to decode the sound in order to understand spoken language. Exposure to intense noise may result in the damage to the inner ear hair cells, causing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Particularly, the outer hair cells are the first and the most affected cells in NIHL. After acoustic trauma, hair cells lose their structural integrity and initiate a self-deterioration process due to the oxidative stress. The activation of different cellular death pathways leads to complete hair cell death. This review specifically presents the current understanding of the mechanism exists behind the loss of inner ear hair cell in the auditory portion after noise-induced trauma. The article also explains the recent hair cell protection strategies to prevent the damage and restore hearing function in mammals.

Highlights

The inner ear is the most incredible and sophisticated organ of the body
This study suggests that the translocation of Bcl-2-associated death promoters (BAD) to the mitochondria of diminishing outer hair cells is an indicator of the activation of its proapoptotic activity
The post sound exposure treatment of retinoic acid for five days in mice showed a reduced hearing threshold shift and hearing deterioration [91]. These studies suggested that the use of apoptotic inhibitor is a potential therapeutic intervention in noise-induced hearing loss; further clinical trials are needed to form a combinative antiapoptotic strategy to treat noise-induced hearing loss

Summary

Introduction

The inner ear is the most incredible and sophisticated organ of the body. It connects the personnel with the outer world in the form of hearing. The neonatal cochlea holds the potential to form new hair cells by transforming the supporting cells (such as Lgr5+ cells) into the hair cells in the apical till basal region [3,4,5,6] This capability completely sheds off in the adult sensory epithelium. Lack of understanding of the mechanical sound voice has a massive impact on a person’s ability to communicate and deal with the normal and emergency life situations It badly affects the patient’s mental and physical health as well as makes their life isolated and depressed [7,8,9,10]. We aim to discuss the different mechanisms of hair cell damage and highlight the recent findings as well as possible strategies for hair cell protection against the noise-induced hearing loss

Mechanism of Hair Cell Loss in Mammals after Noise-Induced Trauma

Future Perspective

Findings

Conclusion