Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are mostly tissue resident lymphocytes that are preferentially enriched in barrier tissues such as the skin. Although they lack the expression of somatically rearranged antigen receptors present on T and B cells, ILCs partake in multiple immune pathways by regulating tissue inflammation and potentiating adaptive immunity. Emerging evidence indicates that ILCs play a critical role in the control of melanoma, a type of skin malignancy thought to trigger immunity mediated mainly by adaptive immune responses. Here, we compile our current understanding of ILCs with regard to their role as the first line of defence against melanoma development and progression. We also discuss areas that merit further investigation. We envisage that the possibility to harness therapeutic potential of ILCs might benefit patients suffering from skin malignancies such as melanoma.
Highlights
The family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprises a heterogeneous population of immune cells harboring pleiotropic functions
Based on the expression of signature cytokines and an assembly of transcription factors, they have been divided into five subsets, namely natural killer (NK) cells, group 1 ILCs (ILC1s), ILC2s, ILC3s and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells [1]
We have found that the production of lactic acid by melanoma cells greatly impairs eosinophilmediated antitumor response regulated by ILC2s
Summary
The family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprises a heterogeneous population of immune cells harboring pleiotropic functions. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that ILCs, which are preferentially enriched in the skin, play an important role in barrier tissue immunity [28]. NK cells have been found to attract XCR1+ DCs that are critical for T cell– mediated immunity to melanoma tumors through the secretion of XCL1, XCL2 and CCL5 [51].
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