Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a large family of cells of the immune system that performs various functions in immune defense, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. As a part of the innate immune system, ILCs are a distinct form of lymphocytes different from T and B cells. ILCs can provide host defense against the source of infection and initiate the repair and remodeling processes to restore and maintain host body homeostasis. The number of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) worldwide has continued to increase in recent years and this disease has brought sickness and death to many families. Numerous studies have found that ILCs also undergo a series of alternations during the development of CD and contribute to this disease. Despite this, the pathogenesis of CD is still not fully explained. So, we keep researching and exploring. In this review, we have closely linked the latest progress on ILCs and CD, and introduced, in detail, the specific roles of four different types of ILCs in CD. We also describe new progress in the pathogenesis of CD, with particular emphasis on the plasticity of ILC3s in this disease. These new studies and findings may provide new insights and breakthrough points for the treatment of CD.
Highlights
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) originate from common lymphoid progenitor cells [1]
In uninfected tissue, NKp44+ILC3s produced only IL-22, not IL-17A or IFN-g [27]. These results confirmed that changes of intestinal NKp44+ type 3 ILCs in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients were directly correlated with changes of the IL-17A+IFNg+ or IL-22+IFN-g+T cell subsets. These results suggest that intestinal mucosal homeostasis is disrupted and the ILC phenotype is significantly altered in response to inflammation
Three ILC subsets play a crucial role in barrier function and innate immune defense [89, 95, 115]
Summary
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a large family of cells of the immune system that performs various functions in immune defense, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. As a part of the innate immune system, ILCs are a distinct form of lymphocytes different from T and B cells. We describe new progress in the pathogenesis of CD, with particular emphasis on the plasticity of ILC3s in this disease.
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