Innate Immunity Response to Tissue Engineering Templates: The Determinant

Marko Z Radic Gary L Bowlin

doi:10.4172/2157-7552.1000e129

Abstract

Marko Z. Radic1 and Gary L. Bowlin 2 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis and Joint University of Memphis-UTHSC-Memphis Biomedical Engineering Program, Memphis, USA *Corresponding author: Gary L. Bowlin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis Joint University of Memphis -UTHSC-Memphis Biomedical Engineering Program, Memphis, USA, Tel: 901-678-2670; Email: glbowlin@memphis.edu

Highlights

An intense focus of the tissue engineering community is currently concentrated on the development of temporary, acellular tissue regeneration templates with an architecture and composition that will harness the body as a bioreactor to promote in situ formation of new tissues and organs
These templates are fabricated by numerous methods from a wide variety of synthetic and natural materials. Regardless, they all have one critical aspect in common: Immediately upon implantation, the innate immune system interacts with the template and initiates a sequence of multifaceted events that will be the ultimate determinant of template success or failure
The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense to provide immediate, albeit fairly short-lived protection/defense from infections, toxins, and other foreign substances in a non-specific manner against these agents that one would consider hazardous to tissues/ organs and homeostasis

Summary

Introduction

An intense focus of the tissue engineering community is currently concentrated on the development of temporary, acellular tissue regeneration templates with an architecture and composition that will harness the body as a bioreactor to promote in situ formation of new tissues and organs. These templates are fabricated by numerous methods (e.g. electrospinning to decellularization) from a wide variety of synthetic and natural materials. One looming and unanswered question currently remains i What is the overall role of neutrophils in the preconditioning of the material/template and establishing the microenvironment to set the stage for the subsequent in tissue regeneration?

Innate Immunity Cellular Components and Their Perceived Roles

Future Direction and Refocusing of the Field