Abstract
Sleep is considered to be an important predictor of the immunity, since the absence of sleep can affect the development of the immune response, and consequently increase the susceptibility to contract an infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate if sleep deprivation and stress induce dysregulation of the duodenal mucous membrane during the acute infection with Trichinella spiralis. Our results shows that, in the intestinal mucous membrane, stress and sleep deprivation, produces different effect in the cells, and this effect depends on the studied duodenal compartment, glands or villi. The sleep deprivation affect mast cells mainly, and the stress response is more heterogeneous. Interestingly, in the duodenal mucous membrane, none population of cells in the infected groups responded equally to both conditions. These findings suggest that the response of the intestinal mucous membrane during the infection caused for T. spiralis turns out to be affected in the sleep-deprived rats, therefore, the results of the present study sustain the theory that sleep is a fundamental process that is capable of modulating the immune response of mucous membranes, particularly the one generated against the parasite Trichinella spiralis.
Highlights
Sleep is an essential homeostatic process in human beings and other animals
In a previous study by our group, we evaluated whether sleep deprivation causes the dysregulation of immune variables during an immune response against the helminth parasite T. spiralis[33]
We shown that even though sleep deprivation can be categorized as a type of stress, the main component of this is sleep loss, and the two stimuli have a differential effect in two compartments of the immune system, namely spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes; the populations responded different
Summary
On the other hand, is associated to heart disease[1], diabetes[2], obesity[3], anxiety, depression[4] and gastrointestinal disorders[5], and has a negative influence on the central nervous system and the immune system[6,7], which, in turn, affect the intestinal barrier (IB)[8]. Most research on sleep deprivation has been focused on its effect over the central nervous system and its functions, the dynamic changes in the IB and the innate mucosal immunity have not gained much attention despite the potential association of gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and peptic ulcers, with sleep disorders[9,10]. Using confocal endomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, it has been recently reported that REM sleep deprivation induce changes in the gastric mucosa showing the initial phases of the acute inflammatory response[18]
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