Abstract
Similar to other cancers, myeloid malignancies are thought to subvert the immune system during their development. This subversion occurs via both malignant cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms and involves manipulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Multiple strategies are being studied to rejuvenate, redirect, or re-enforce the immune system in order to fight off myeloid malignancies. So far, the most successful strategies include interferon treatment and antibody-based therapies, though chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors are also promising therapies. In this review, we discuss the inherent immune mechanisms of defense against myeloid malignancies, currently-approved agents, and agents under investigation. Overall, we evaluate the efficacy and potential of immuno-oncology in the treatment of myeloid malignancies.
Highlights
IntroductionThe human immune system is capable of recognizing both foreign organisms and altered versions of self
Similar to other cancers, myeloid malignancies are thought to subvert the immune system during their development
This study showed no response with the lower dose of ipilimumab (3 mg/kg), but there was an objective response rate (ORR) of 55% in patients receiving the higher dose (10 mg/kg) [116]
Summary
The human immune system is capable of recognizing both foreign organisms and altered versions of self. The recognition of the immune surveillance’s role in preventing neoplastic growth and the discovery of immune system manipulation by malignant cells has led to the utilization of immune-targeted strategies in multiple malignancies. The launching of these novel strategies marked a new era of immuno-oncology in cancer therapeutics [2,3]. There are several useful previous reviews describing immunologic agents under investigation for treatment of AML [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]; in this review, we update relevant information in the field and delve into the innate mechanisms of defense against myeloid malignancies, as well as interferon’s potential role in treating some of these malignancies
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