Abstract
Moulding compounds are heterogeneous materials and consist of granules or pellets, usually mixed with a special resin-hardener combination, reinforcing agents, accelerators, lubricants, pigments, and other additives ready for manufacturing. Thermosetting moulding compounds are defined as raw materials manufacturing plastic parts under the influence of pressure and heat, mainly by compression, transfer, and injection moulding. Current research addresses ultrasonic quality sensor utilization for inline cure monitoring, to control and analyze compression moulding. A ‘‘smart’’ process control would require the measurement of elastic moduli and viscosity during cure. In this research, an ultrasonic impulse-transmission method is used to directly monitor changes in the mechanical properties of moulding compounds throughout the cure cycle. Measurements were performed during the processing using transducers which were designed to operate at elevated temperatures and pressures in a compression mould. Measurements of ultrasound velocity and change of attenuation coefficient of longitudinal and shear waves were made throughout the process cycle. Use was made of the ultrasonic measurements to monitor the influence of various parameters on the manufacturing process, such as filler concentration, humidity content, artificial weathering at elevated temperatures, and hardener concentration. [Work supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).]
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