Abstract
The photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy is established in the fields of biochemistry and food chemistry as an online analytical method for the determination of mean particle sizes. This work examines PDW spectroscopy regarding its potential in high solid content emulsion polymerization. For this reason, emulsion copolymerization with a tendency for agglomeration of vinyl acetate and Versa® 10 in a molar ratio of 9 : 1, and with varying emulsifier content, was carried out in semi-batch operation mode with different target particle sizes from 50 to 325 nm. A redox initiator system, consisting of l-ascorbic acid, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and ammonium iron(iii) sulfate, was used as a radical source. The mean particle sizes of PDW spectroscopy were compared with those of conventional offline measurement methods, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and sedimentation analysis, by means of a disc centrifuge. The determined mean particle sizes show a very good reproducibility and agreement between DLS and sedimentation analysis up to a polymer content of 36%, after which measurements were rendered difficult due to agglomeration. Nevertheless, PDW spectroscopy was able to continue providing reproducible measurements until reaching a polymer content of 63%.
Highlights
The importance of emulsion polymerisation in industry has continued to grow throughout the years, leading it to be the most commonly used process for the production of waterborne latex polymers.1 A commonly used monomer in the emulsion polymerisation is vinyl acetate, which is relevant in the industry, and proved to be interesting for researchers.2 In order to ensure consistent product qualities, the produced dispersion has to be analysed thoroughly
Given that polymer dispersions ful l these requirements, we examined photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy regarding its potential for high solid content emulsion polymerization
All experiments which were used for the comparison of the methods had a yield of at least 96% and showed a monodisperse particle size distribution
Summary
The importance of emulsion polymerisation in industry has continued to grow throughout the years, leading it to be the most commonly used process for the production of waterborne latex polymers. A commonly used monomer in the emulsion polymerisation is vinyl acetate, which is relevant in the industry, and proved to be interesting for researchers. In order to ensure consistent product qualities, the produced dispersion has to be analysed thoroughly. The importance of emulsion polymerisation in industry has continued to grow throughout the years, leading it to be the most commonly used process for the production of waterborne latex polymers.. A commonly used monomer in the emulsion polymerisation is vinyl acetate, which is relevant in the industry, and proved to be interesting for researchers.. In order to ensure consistent product qualities, the produced dispersion has to be analysed thoroughly. The development of the particle size must be controlled in order to obtain the desired product.. In order to achieve the necessary knowledge, it is essential to use the right analytical methods to determine reliably the particle size of the dispersion The particle size distribution for example has, among other things, an in uence on the surface properties of the dried polymer lm or can provide information about the kinetics of the reaction as well as the number of radicals per particle. The development of the particle size must be controlled in order to obtain the desired product. in order to achieve the necessary knowledge, it is essential to use the right analytical methods to determine reliably the particle size of the dispersion
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