Abstract
When a shock wave propagates through the air, two zones that resemble a double-layered sphere are formed: The outer shell is the compression zone, and the inner shell is the rarefaction zone. Inside the compression zone, pressure exceeds normal atmospheric pressure because air is compressed, and the portion of pressure that exceeds normal atmospheric pressure is called overpressure. Force of impact created by shock wave during its high-speed movement is known as dynamic pressure. The front of the compression zone is called the front of the shock wave, and at this front both overpressure and dynamic pressure are at their peaks, which are respectively termed peak overpressure and peak dynamic pressure. Inside the rarefaction zone, due to the vacuum created after air is compressed, air in this region is highly rarefied, and air flows toward explosion center in the opposite direction. Air in this zone has less pressure than normal atmospheric pressure, and the portion of pressure that falls below normal atmospheric pressure is called the underpressure of the shock wave, while the maximal underpressure is termed peak underpressure. The overpressure and dynamic pressure of the shock wave are the main causes of injury, and underpressure can also lead to apparent injury.
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