Abstract
Cryogels are interconnected macroporous materials that are synthesized from a monomer solution at sub-zero temperatures. Cryogels, which are used in various applications in many research areas, are frequently used in biomedicine applications due to their excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, physical resistance and sensitivity. Cryogels can also be prepared in powder, column, bead, sphere, membrane, monolithic, and injectable forms. In this review, various examples of recent developments in biomedical applications of injectable cryogels, which are currently scarce in the literature, made from synthetic and natural polymers are discussed. In the present review, several biomedical applications of injectable cryogels, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, therapeutic, therapy, cell transplantation, and immunotherapy, are emphasized. Moreover, it aims to provide a different perspective on the studies to be conducted on injectable cryogels, which are newly emerging trend.
Highlights
Nowadays, the need for injectable biomaterials that have hemostatic effects in the field of tissue engineering and that are used in tissue regeneration is increasing
During the past several decades, supermacroporous cryogels have already utilized a dramatic effect in biomedical applications
As evident from the research done so far, cryogels can be fabricated from diverse precursors, thereby enabling the modulation of its properties that allows for its usage for varied tissues
Summary
The need for injectable biomaterials that have hemostatic effects in the field of tissue engineering and that are used in tissue regeneration is increasing. One of the biomaterials with injectable 3D scaffold structures, can be loaded with therapeutic agents or cells in line with the needs developing in clinical and tissue engineering studies. Thanks to their highly macroporous and interconnected structures, cryogels provide a suitable microenvironment for cell transmission, cellular infiltration, and neovascularization [1]. Injectable cryogels are discussed in regard to different subjects such as wound healing, hemostasis, antibacterial activity, tissue regeneration, and cell and drug delivery, and the uses of these biomaterials in biomedical fields are summarized. It is thought that this review will be a guide for the design of injectable cryogels, improving their structural properties and making their use more common in different biomedical fields for future studies
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