Abstract
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is currently the most commonly-used material, but it may induce adjacent vertebral fracture due to low degradation and high strength. Our study evaluated the feasibility of injectable calcium phosphate cement (ICPC) and fibrin sealant (FS) as an injectable compound carrier of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in New Zealand rabbits for vertebroplasty. Results showed ICPC/FS/rhBMP-2 composites induced alkaline phosphatase most effectively at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. Histological examination confirmed that new bone and vessels developed at 4 weeks in the ICPC/FS/rhBMP-2 group. At 8 weeks, parts of the ICPC/FS/rhBMP-2 cement degraded with mature bone tissues and neovascularization. New bone was observed by MicroCT to form early and massively, and the ossification was almost synchronous with the material degradation. In the PMMA Group, however, no new bone formation or material degradation was found. The stiffness and tension of vertebral bodies implanted with ICPC/FS/rhBMP-2 were weaker than those of normal vertebral bodies as well as vertebral bodies implanted with PMMA at 4 weeks (p<0.05). At 8 weeks, the stiffness and tension of vertebral bodies implanted with ICPC/FS/rhBMP-2 became strong; no significant difference was noted in the stiffness and tension, compared with normal vertebral bodies (p>0.05), while they were significantly lower, compared with vertebral bodies implanted with PMMA (p<0.05). It is concluded that, with good characteristics of osteoinductivity, the bone substitution is synchronous with material degradation.
Highlights
Vertebroplasty is a medical spinal procedure where injectable biological materials are injected into the diseased vertebral body via the vertical pedicle to relieve the pain and stabilize the spine [ ]
Submitted: March 2012 / Accepted: July 2012 injectable injectable Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) (ICPC), fibrin sealant (FS) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and injected this composite into thigh muscle pouches of mice and vertebral bodies of New Zealand white rabbits to observe short- and long-term imaging and histological changes; the composite with PMMA in biomechanical performance was compared to investigate the feasibility of the composite in vertebroplasty
Semicircular masses were observed in implanted sites of mice in ICPC/ FS/rhBMP- and rhBMP- groups weeks postoperatively
Summary
Vertebroplasty is a medical spinal procedure where injectable biological materials are injected into the diseased vertebral body via the vertical pedicle to relieve the pain and stabilize the spine [ ]. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is currently the most commonly-used material, but it cannot degrade and may induce bone cement reactions such as hypotension or pulmonary embolism. We constructed the composite in vitro using the Submitted: March 2012 / Accepted: July 2012 injectable injectable CPC (ICPC), fibrin sealant (FS) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and injected this composite into thigh muscle pouches of mice and vertebral bodies of New Zealand white rabbits to observe short- and long-term imaging and histological changes; the composite with PMMA in biomechanical performance was compared to investigate the feasibility of the composite in vertebroplasty
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