Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate initiation of and persistence with warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) according to ethnicity. Patients hospitalized with first-time AF from 1997 to 2009, prescription claims of warfarin and country of birth were identified by individual-level linkage of nationwide administrative agencies. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relationship between covariates affecting initiation and non-persistence with warfarin treatment. A total of 151,537 patients were included in the study and 5,061(3.3%) were of non-Danish origin. CHADS2 score distribution varied substantially according to ethnicity, the proportion of patients with CHADS2 score ≥1 being 79.2, 78.1, 65.9, and 46.0% for patients of Danish, Western, Eastern, and African origin, respectively. 79,239(52.4%) of all patients initiated treatment with warfarin at some point in time. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses indicated patients of Eastern and African origin were less likely to initiate warfarin therapy (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.69–0.82 and HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.44–0.76, respectively). Patients of Eastern origin were more likely to interrupt treatment (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.02–1.47; for all patients; HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.22–2.16; for patients with CHADS2 score >1). African origin was associated with a trend to interrupt treatment (HR 1.44; 95% CI 0.46–4.47; for patients with CHADS2 score >1). Initiation of and persistence with warfarin in AF patients is lower among patients of Eastern and African origin compared to patients of Danish and Western origin, despite equal access to health care and medication. Future studies should address, beyond ethnicity, all possible driving factors of (non)initiation and persistence with treatment in general. This will be particularly interesting in light of the new generation of anticoagulants, which might render different adherence to treatment.
Highlights
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at increased risk of thromboembolism and stroke, and the benefit from vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for stroke prevention in AF patients has been extensively documented (Hughes and Lip, 2008; Camm et al, 2010; Olesen et al, 2011)
The aim of this study was to investigate the initiation of and persistence to warfarin treatment according to ethnicity in patients with first-time AF hospitalization between 1997 and 2009
The AF population comprised of 3.3% patients of non-Danish origin, of which 2.5, 0.8, and 0.1% were of Western, Eastern, and African origin, respectively
Summary
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at increased risk of thromboembolism and stroke, and the benefit from vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for stroke prevention in AF patients has been extensively documented (Hughes and Lip, 2008; Camm et al, 2010; Olesen et al, 2011). The clinical and economic consequences of under using VKA therapy are profound and understanding factors that determine VKA use may improve the quality of care for patients with AF. This is of particular interest in light of the new generation of anticoagulants that may render different adherence to treatment. Ethnicity has been associated with differences in cardiovascular health parameters and clinical outcomes (Balarajan, 1991; Benner et al, 2002; Kaplan et al, 2004; Hertz et al, 2007; Harding et al, 2008; Cooper et al, 2009; McWilliams et al, 2009; Dominguez et al, 2010; Hempler et al, 2010), even when differences in socioeconomic profiles are equalized (Mayberry et al, 2000; Trivedi et al, 2006; Hertz et al, 2007; Hozawa et al, 2007)
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