Abstract
For a long time, the traditional pattern of urban-rural human settlements has been shaped in reference to the existence of the urban-rural dual structure. In this paper, we put forward the notion of triaxiality of human settlements, and used the standards conversion entropy weight method to measure and calculate degrees of livability of human settlements, so as to prove the existence of triaxiality of human settlements within the same unit at the micro-scale level, and conduct an empirical study on the spatial-temporal evolution, system attributes and formation mechanisms of the triaxiality of human settlements in 10 districts (counties) of Dalian (Years 2002–2011). Results showed that: (1) Spatial evolution of human settlements presents triaxiality. Administrative divisions do not play a full and predominant role in the unit division of human settlements. The number of distribution districts (counties) within different units of human settlements tends to be balanced, there is spatial variation of tertiary units in the human settlements of Dalian, and the transition area of human settlements occupies the leading position in the unit division of human settlements; (2) Human settlements also exhibit triaxiality at different development stages during the period of evolution. The fluctuation changes of degrees of livability of the human settlements of Dalian within the past 10 years have been relatively stable, with a trend of small scale decline and obvious manifestations of stage differences; (3) The system attributive characters of human settlements presents triaxiality. There also exists differentiations of system and area in human settlements within the same unit; (4) Industrialization and urbanization have led to the collapse of part of the urban-rural dual structure, while the differentiation of ternary structure of the economic and social structure, and living environment and life style leads to the triaxiality of human settlements.
Highlights
The idea of the unit division of human settlements was conceived in early urban planning in foreign countries: Howard put forward the idea of the “garden city” and tried to solve the urban problem from the perspective of the “urban-rural” dual structure [1]; Geddes promoted “regionalism” and emphasized that the basic framework of planning should extend the regular scope of the urban unit [2]; Mumford advocated the building of pluralistic zones with the tertiary unit of “urban combination”, “urban-rural combination”, “artificial-natural combination” and human-oriented [3]; Doxiadis, founder of the Sciences of Human Settlements, emphasized the study by integrating all human settlements including the three units of rural, town and urban and the five major systems of nature, human, society, house and network of human settlements [4,5,6]
According to the above evaluation index system, we used the standard conversion entropy weight method, SPSS hierarchical clustering and dimensionality reduction factor analysis to measure and calculate the degrees of livability of human settlements (Table 2).We used these methods to prove the existence of the triaxiality of human settlements within the same unit at the micro-scale level
We conducted an empirical study of the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and system attribute characteristics of the triaxiality of human settlements in 10 districts of Dalian (Years 2002–2011)
Summary
The idea of the unit division of human settlements was conceived in early urban planning in foreign countries: Howard put forward the idea of the “garden city” and tried to solve the urban problem from the perspective of the “urban-rural” dual structure [1]; Geddes promoted “regionalism” and emphasized that the basic framework of planning should extend the regular scope of the urban unit [2]; Mumford advocated the building of pluralistic zones with the tertiary unit of “urban combination”, “urban-rural combination”, “artificial-natural combination” and human-oriented [3]; Doxiadis, founder of the Sciences of Human Settlements, emphasized the study by integrating all human settlements including the three units of rural, town and urban and the five major systems of nature, human, society, house and network of human settlements [4,5,6]. (1) The evaluation of the contents of rural human settlement, quality difference and its driving factors [28], satisfaction degree and optimization strategy [29], progress and prospects on the research [30];. We used the standards conversion entropy weight method and the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) hierarchical clustering and dimensionality reduction factor analysis to measure and calculate degrees of livability for human settlements on the basis of the data of micro scales from 10 districts (counties) of Dalian (Years 2002–2011), so as to prove the existence of triaxiality of human settlements within the same unit at the micro-scale level and conducted an initial study on the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics, system attributes and formation mechanisms of the triaxiality of human settlements
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