Initial step of B12-dependent enzymatic catalysis: energetic implications regarding involvement of the one-electron-reduced form of adenosylcobalamin cofactor

Abstract

Density functional theory analysis was performed to elucidate the impact of one-electron reduction upon the initial step of adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymatic catalysis. The transition state (TS) corresponding to the Co-C bond cleavage and subsequent hydrogen abstraction from the substrate was located. The intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations predicted that the reaction consisting of Co-C5' bond cleavage in [Co(III)(corrin(•))]-Rib (where Rib is ribosyl) and hydrogen-atom abstraction from the CH(3)-CH(2)-CHO substrate occurs in a concerted fashion. The computed activation energy barrier of the reaction (15.0kcal/mol) was lowered by approximately 54.5% in comparison with the reaction involving the positively charged cofactor model (Im-[Co(III)(corrin)]-Rib(+), where Im is imidazole; energy barrier =33.0kcal/mol). The Im base was detached during the TS search in the reaction involving the one-electron-reduced analogue. Thus, to compare the energetics of the two reactions, the axial Im ligand detachment energy for the Im-[Co(III)(corrin(•))]-Rib model was computed [7.6kcal/mol (gas phase); 4.6kcal/mol (water)]. Consequently, the effective activation energy barrier for the reaction mediated by the Im-off [Co(III)(corrin(•))]-Rib was estimated to be 22.6kcal/mol, which implied an overall 31.5% reduction in the energetic demands of the reaction. Considering that the lengthened Co-N(axial) bond has been observed in X-ray crystal structure studies of B(12)-dependent mutases, the catalytic impact induced by one-electron reduction of the cofactor is expected to be higher in the presence of the enzymatic environment.