Initial multi-target approach shows importance of improved caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus control program in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.

Eduard A Shuralev,Konstantin A Osyanin,Jeanne V Samsonova,Sergei V Petrov,Ilsur G Galimzyanov,Marina A Efimova,Tagir Kh Faizov,Nail I Khammadov,Kamil S Khaertynov,Arkadiy V Ivanov,Inna A Elizarova,Malik N Mukminov,Clare Whelan,Nikolai D Shamaev,Nikolai Yu Saushkin,Gaysha R Salmanova

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2021.1718-1726

Abstract

Background and Aim:Several reports described the detection of specific caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) antibodies in Russian goat populations, which indicates the circulation of CAEV in Russian goat farms. The aim of this study was to use a multi-target approach to testing with both serological tests and an in-house real-time (RT) molecular test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats from three hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.Materials and Methods:We applied a multi-target approach to testing with both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in-house RT polymerase chain reaction test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats. Animals from the three hobbyist farms were used in this study. The animals from two farms (n=13 for F1 and n=8 for F2) had clinical signs of arthritis and mastitis. In the third farm (n=15 for F3), all goats were home-bred and had no contact with imported animals.Results:CAEV antibodies (ELISA targets TM env and gag genes) were detected in serum samples from two farms (F1 and F2), indicating seroprevalence of 87.50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. The results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicating that all tests were 100% specific.Conclusion:The results showed that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be important for programs to control and eradicate CAEV in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.

Highlights

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) belongs to the small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), the genus Lentivirus, and the family Retroviridae, and can cause serious economic problems for goat farms
In the cases of Farm 1 (F1) and Far 2 (F2), 12/13 and 7/8 goats were positive in the IDEXX assay, with seroprevalence of 92.31% and 87.50%, respectively
Positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results were obtained for 9/10 milk samples from goats of F1 (90.00%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 59.59-98.21%)

Summary

Introduction

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) belongs to the small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), the genus Lentivirus, and the family Retroviridae, and can cause serious economic problems for goat farms. CAEV was initially isolated from an infected adult goat in the United States more than 40 years ago [3]. Several reports describe the detection of specific CAEV antibodies in Russian goat populations, which indicates the circulation of CAEV in Russian goat farms [11,12,13,14]. In Belgium, SRLVs, including CAEV, were detected in small numbers of sheep and goats on hobbyist farms under an ongoing voluntary testing scheme [15], indicating that a low Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916. Several reports described the detection of specific caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) antibodies in Russian goat populations, which indicates the circulation of CAEV in Russian goat farms. The aim of this study was to use a multi-target approach to testing with both serological tests and an in-house real-time (RT) molecular test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats from three hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia

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