Abstract
Abstract The paper presents a current impulse-based excitation method for lead-acid batteries in order to define the initial electrical parameters for model-based online estimators. The presented technique has the capability to track the SoC (State of Charge) of a battery, however, it is not intended to be used for online SoC estimations. The method is based on the battery’s electrical equivalent Randles’ model [1]. Load current impulse excitation was applied to the battery clamps during discharge while the voltage and current was logged. Based on the Randles’ model, a model function and a fit function were implemented and used by exponential regression based on the measured data. The diffusion-related non-linear characteristic of the battery was approximated by a capacitorlike linear voltage function for speed and simplicity. The initial capacitance of this bulk capacitor was estimated by linear regression on measurements recorded in the laboratory. Then, the RC parameters of the equivalent battery model were derived from exponential regression on transients during each current impulse cycle. The battery model with initial RC parameters is suitable for model-based online observers.
Highlights
In our daily lives, the number of mobile devices and utilities that can operate without grid connections is increasing
A small discharge current was applied to the battery terminals under controlled conditions until the battery’s OCV reached the factory’s minimum voltage threshold from a fully charged state
The fully charged battery at room temperature needed to be slowly discharged by a C/15 current until its OCV voltage reached the factory a recommended minimum voltage threshold
Summary
The number of mobile devices and utilities that can operate without grid connections is increasing. Model-based methods, as the name suggests, need a valid, properly detailed electric battery model. The Randles’ model as a standard battery model is very popular in the contexts of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries because of its cost-effectiveness and the similarities of both types. By similarity it is meant that the same model can be reasonably used for the parameter estimation of both battery types [2,3]. Some additions to the standard Randles’ model can be made if more details in electrochemistry are required such as diffusion in the bulk and porosity amongst others. The model requires values of initial resistance (R) and capacitance (C). The scope of the present work is to identify the initial values of RC components (parameters) by evaluating the voltage impulse responses excited by load currents in the time domain
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