Abstract
Cowpea, string Bean, or Macassar bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] presents a short life cycle, low water requirement, develops in soils of low fertility, and has the ability to fix nitrogen from the air. In the Cerrado, the oxisols occupy practically all the flat to soft-wavy areas with little reserve of nutrients for the plants, in general, they are soils with great limitations of fertility. A source of alternative phosphate fertilization is the use of reactive natural phosphates. The reactive natural phosphate of Bayóvar presents intermediate solubility between the sources of soluble phosphates and the natural phosphates. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the initial development of Cowpea beans fertilized with the natural Bayóvar phosphate used for cultivation of the Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six doses of phosphorus (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg·dm-3) using natural Bayovar phosphate as a source in four replications. The species used in this study was the legume cowpea bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] cultivar Tumucumaque. The treatments were applied using the natural phosphate Bayóvar as a source of phosphorus (29% of P2O5). At 33 DAS (days after sowing), the variable number of leaves of the Cowpea bean was analyzed and at 40 DAS, the variables plant height, SPAD chlorophyll index (Soil Plant Analysis Development) and stem diameter were analyzed. For all variables analyzed there was a significant effect. The initial development of the cowpea bean cultivated in the Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol was significantly influenced by the Bayóvar natural phosphate fertilization with the best phosphorus (P2O5) doses in the range of 200 to 350 mg·
Highlights
Cowpea, string Bean, or Macassar bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is an excellent source of protein (23% to 25% on average) and contains all essential amino acids, carbohydrates (62% on average), vitamins and minerals, as well as a large amount of dietary fiber and low amount of fat
The objective was to evaluate the initial development of Cowpea beans fertilized with the natural Bayóvar phosphate used for cultivation of the Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol
The initial development of the cowpea bean cultivated in the Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol was significantly influenced by the Bayóvar natural phosphate fertilization with the best phosphorus (P2O5) doses in the range of 200 to 350 mg·dm−3
Summary
Cowpea, string Bean, or Macassar bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is an excellent source of protein (23% to 25% on average) and contains all essential amino acids, carbohydrates (62% on average), vitamins and minerals, as well as a large amount of dietary fiber and low amount of fat (oil content of 2% on average). With the advent of technologies that allow its fully mechanized cultivation, there has been an increase in the area of cultivation, production and productivity in the Midwest region, notably in the State of Mato Grosso In this state, the reality is different, cowpea is cultivated on a large scale, with the participation of medium and large producers, presenting the highest yields of grains [1]. It is a phosphate of sedimentary origin and is characterized to present a high degree of isomorphic substitution of the phosphate ion by carbonate, which gives it a higher rate of reaction in the soil when compared to other natural phosphates [7] In this context, the objective was to evaluate the initial development of Cowpea beans fertilized with the natural Bayóvar phosphate used for cultivation of the Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol
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