Abstract
The BeiDou navigation satellite system with global coverage (BDS-3) has been fully operational since July 2020 and provides comprehensive services to global users. BDS-3 transmits several new navigational signals based on the signals inherited from the BeiDou navigation satellite (regional) system (BDS-2). Previous studies focused on the positioning performance of BDS-2 plus BDS-3 and that of combining BDS-3 and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), but there was no in-depth discussion on the positioning performance of the BDS-3-only. In this contribution, the BDS-3-only Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning is analysed using the data collected in zero and short baselines in Wuhan, China. The RTK model based on Single-Differenced is first presented, and the BDS-3-only RTK positioning in cases of single and dual-frequencies is evaluated with the model in terms of the empirical integer ambiguity resolution success rates and positioning accuracy. Our numerical tests suggest two major findings. First, the positioning performance for the B1I and B3I retained from BDS-2 and the new frequency B1C is comparable, while that for the new frequency B2a is poorer. Second, the positioning performance of the new frequency combination of the B1C + B2a is not as good as that of the B1C only, owing to the unrealistic stochastic model used.
Highlights
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is an integrated navigation and communication system developed and operated by China
The results show that the positioning accuracy and convergence time with the combined BDS-2 and BDS-3 are improved to some extent (Jiao et al 2019; Jin and Su 2020)
BDS-3 has been fully operational since July 2020 and provides comprehensive services to global users
Summary
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is an integrated navigation and communication system developed and operated by China. As a regional system serving the Asia–Pacific region, BDS-2 is currently operating and provides stable Positioning, Navigation, And Timing (PNT) services with a constellation of five satellites in GEostationary Orbit (GEO), seven in an Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit (IGSO), and three in Medium-altitude Earth Orbit (MEO) (CSNO 2017; Shi et al 2020). In the third phase BDS-3 consists of 30 satellites, including three GEO, 24 MEO and three IGSO satellites, providing reliable PNT services for global users (Yang et al 2020; CSNO 2019b). BDS-3 retains B1I and B3I of BDS-2 to realise the transition from BDS-2 to BDS-3 On this basis, BDS-3 transmits three new frequency signals to achieve compatibility and interoperability with other GNSSs, namely, B1C at 1575.42 MHz, B2a at 1176.45 MHz, and B2b at 1207.14 MHz (CSNO 2019a; Gu et al 2020)
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