Abstract
To analyze the spatial distribution of the incidence of COVID-19 and its correlation with the municipal human development index (MHDI) of the municipalities of Ceará. This is an ecological study with data recovered from the 15th epidemiological week and the 19th one of the year 2020 using the MHDI and the COVID-19 incidence coefficient for each municipality as variables. The univariate spatial correlation and the bivariate one were analyzed using the TerraView and GeoDa softwares. The incidence of COVID-19 has spatial dependence with moderate positive correlation and the formation of high-high clusters located in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza and municipalities in the north region. The lowest incidence was a low-low cluster in the south and west regions. There was a positive bivariate correlation between MHDI and the incidence of COVID-19 with the formation of a cluster in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza. The uneven mapping of COVID-19 and its relationship with MHDI in Ceará can contribute to actions to regional combat the pandemic.
Highlights
On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) headquarters, in China, was informed about cases of pneumonia, of unknown etiology, detected in the city of Wuhan, province of Hubei
The data of all municipalities with cases in the first collection were summarized with their respective HDI-M, and containing the sub-divisions of coefficient of incidence in time 1 (I1) and coefficient of incidence in time 2 (I2) for the dates April 12 and May 7, respectively (Table 1)
In the spatial correlation analysis of I1 for Covid-19, the cities presented significant and weak spatial self-correlation (GMI = 0.28; p < 0.05), with indication of low-low spatial clusters formed by the majority of cities, including Paracuru, Paraipaba, Trairi, Itapipoca, Tururu, Umirim, Itapipoca, Uruburetama, Pentecoste, Apuiarés, Tejuçuoca, Canindé, Caridade, General Sampaio, Paramoti, Pacoti, Mulungu, Guaramiranga, Baturité, Caridade, Palmácia, Capistrano, Aratuba, Itapiana, Ibaretama, Aracoiaba, Acarape, Barreira, Chorozinho, Ocara, Beberibe and Morada Nova
Summary
On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) headquarters, in China, was informed about cases of pneumonia, of unknown etiology, detected in the city of Wuhan, province of Hubei. A new type of coronavirus was isolated on January 7, 2020, and new cases were confirmed in Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, and South Korea. On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared an international public health emergency, due to the fast dissemination of the coronavirus, after a meeting with specialists. There were 7.7 thousand confirmed cases and 170 deaths in China, main location of the virus dissemination, besides 98 cases in 18 other countries[1]. The disease is highly contagious and its main clinical symptoms include fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia and dyspnea. The severe cases are characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, which is difficult to treat, and blood and coagulation disorders[2]
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