Inhomogeneous two-dimensional structures in liquid crystals

Abstract

Localized axisymmetric inhomogeneous states with a continuous distribution of the director field can exist in nematics. Such structures are compressed into dense filaments under the influence of a magnetic or electric field. It is hypothesized that the given states can be achieved in filamentary nematic textures. This model is an alternative to the conventional disclination model. Two types of lattices of axial structures can exist in the entire range of existence of the modulated state. Axial structures with a kernel of finite radius can exist in cylindrical capillaries. The structure and equilibrium dimensions of the axial states are easily altered over a wide range under the influence of an applied field. The feasibility of utilizing isolated axial structures and lattices of such structures in optical data processing and imaging devices is discussed. The most promising outlook in this regard is for modulated states and axial structures in chiral liquid crystals exhibiting spontaneous polarization.