Abstract
Investigations have been made on the inhomogeneous characteristics of sintered ZnO based non-linear resistors caused by localized particle growth on the surface and by internal flaws. The presence of Sb 2O 3 was responsible for the observed particle growth. A part of the Bi 2O 3 on the surface was found to be in the reduced state. Two kinds of failure mode, cracking and puncturing, were observed when the samples were subjected to high-energy pulses. The puncture mode is caused by local melting around the regions of high current density, whereas the cracking mode results from thermally induced stresses.
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