Abstract

Cortical circuits transform neural information within a stereotyped laminar architecture. These operations require the coordinated activity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Inhibitory GABAergic interneurons are a minority of all cortical neurons but can be crucially important in regulating spatiotemporal dynamics of both local and global circuit activities. In this lecture, I will tell our studies of functional organization and laminar interactions in cortical circuits using newly developed optical mapping tools and novel genetic methods for cell‐type specific manipulation. I will talk about our new observation that excitatory and inhibitory cortical connections are spatially and functionally balanced, and discuss how this new information is related to specific inhibitory neuronal control of a critical period of brain plasticity.

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