Abstract
The accumulation and infiltration of mast cells are found in osteoarthritic lesions in humans and rodents. Nonetheless, the roles of mast cells in osteoarthritis are almost unknown. Although Viscum coloratum has various beneficial actions, its effect on allergic and osteoarthritic responses is unknown. In this study, we established an in vitro model of mast cell-mediated osteoarthritis and investigated the effect of the ethanol extract of Viscum coloratum (VEE) on IgE/antigen (IgE/Ag)-activated mast cells and mast cell-derived inflammatory mediator (MDIM)-stimulated chondrocytes. The anti-allergic effect of VEE was evaluated by degranulation, inflammatory mediators, and the FcεRI signaling cascade in IgE/Ag-activated RBL-2H3 cells. The anti-osteoarthritic action of VEE was evaluated by cell migration, and the expression, secretion, and activity of MMPs in MDIM-stimulated SW1353 cells. VEE significantly inhibited degranulation (IC50: 93.04 μg/mL), the production of IL-4 (IC50: 73.28 μg/mL), TNF-α (IC50: 50.59 μg/mL), PGD2 and LTC4, and activation of the FcεRI signaling cascade in IgE/Ag-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Moreover, VEE not only reduced cell migration but also inhibited the expression, secretion, and/or activity of MMP-1, MMP-3, or MMP-13 in MDIM-stimulated SW1353 cells. In conclusion, VEE possesses both anti-allergic and anti-osteoarthritic properties. Therefore, VEE could possibly be considered a new herbal drug for anti-allergic and anti-osteoarthritic therapy. Moreover, the in vitro model may be useful for the development of anti-osteoarthritic drugs.
Highlights
Mast cells are associated with allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and autoimmune diseases [1]
Mast cells contain numerous granules including histamine, inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes [3]. They are associated with initiation and/or aggravation of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis [1], which is included in osteoarthritis and the type III allergic class of conditions [2]
The results showed that VEE could block mast cell-derived inflammatory mediator (MDIM)-mediated osteoarthritis in chondrocytes by regulating the expression, secretion, and/or activities of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13
Summary
Mast cells are associated with allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and autoimmune diseases [1]. Anaphylactic shock is a type I allergic reaction and [2] is closely related to the degranulation of immunoglobulin E/antigen complex (IgE/Ag)-activated mast cells expressing FcεRI receptors as the high-affinity IgE receptors [3]. Mast cells contain numerous granules including histamine, inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes [3]. They are associated with initiation and/or aggravation of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis [1], which is included in osteoarthritis and the type III allergic class of conditions [2]. Accumulation and infiltration of mast cells are found in joint tissues and fluids in humans [4] and rodents [5,6] with rheumatoid arthritis; the roles of mast cells in osteoarthritis are almost unknown.
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