Inhibitory effects of nicorandil, a KATP channel opener and a nitric oxide donor, on overactive bladder in animal models

Abstract

To investigate the effects of nicorandil, an ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel opener with a nitric oxide (NO) donor property, on overactive bladder (OAB) in animal models. Nicorandil is currently used clinically to treat ischaemic heart disease. Three animal OAB models were used: (i) C-fibre mediated bladder overactivity by infusion of a low concentration of acetic acid (AA) into the bladder in female Wistar rats; (ii) bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) created by partial urethral obstruction in female Wistar rats; and (iii) neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) knockout (KO) mice with urinary frequency. The effects of nicorandil and KRN2391, both of which act as K(ATP) channel openers and NO donors, on the OAB models were examined. Cystometry showed that intravesical instillation of nicorandil and KRN2391 successfully inhibited OAB induced by intravesical instillation of AA. In the BOO model compared with untreated BOO rats, both nicorandil (1 and 3 mg/kg, orally) and KRN2391 (1 mg/kg, orally) significantly reduced the voiding frequency. Compared with wild-type mice, nNOS KO mice had urinary frequency with no change in the total urine volume. Nicorandil (3 mg/kg, orally) and KRN2391 (1 mg/kg, orally) significantly reduced the voiding frequency in nNOS KO mice. Our in vivo results show that nicorandil, a K(ATP) channel opener with a NO donor property, can suppress OAB from both neurogenic and myogenic causes. Nicorandil appears to be a promising candidate for clinical use in patients with OAB.