Abstract
This study was performed to clarify the inhibitory effects of cycloheterophyllin on melanin synthesis. In order to elucidate the inhibitory effects of cycloheterophyllin on the B16F10 cell line, cell viability, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions, tyrosinase activity assay, and melanin production assay were measured. The effects of cycloheterophyllin on tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)/TYRP2/tyrosinase (TYR)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expressions and melanin content were determined. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that cycloheterophyllin decreased the mRNA expression level of TYRP1/TYRP2/TYR/MITF genes and melanin production contents than α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. The tyrosinase activity assay revealed that cycloheterophyllin decreased the melanin production in the B16F10 cells. These data show that cycloheterophyllin increases the whitening effects in the B16F10 cells; thus, cycloheterophyllin is a potent ingredient for skin whitening. Thus, further research on the mechanism of action of cycloheterophyllin for the development of functional materials should be investigated.
Highlights
The color of the skin is determined by hemoglobin in the blood, melanin pigment in the epidermal layer, and β-carotene in the subcutaneous tissue
Tyrosinase enzyme reacts with L-tyrosine to produce L-DOPA, and L-DOPA produces melanin pigment through DOPAquinone by tyrosinase, which is known as a key enzyme that regulates melanogenesis [4,5]
In the cycloheterophyllin-treated groups at concentrations of 10, 1, and 0.1 μg/mL, it was confirmed that the inhibitory effects of tyrosinase enzyme were 58.0, 27.4, and 16.9%, respectively
Summary
The color of the skin is determined by hemoglobin in the blood, melanin pigment in the epidermal layer, and β-carotene in the subcutaneous tissue. The color of the skin is mainly determined by the amount and distribution of the melanin pigment [1]. Melanin is a pigment synthesized from the melanosome in the melanocyte that is present in the basal layer. It absorbs or scatters ultraviolet (UV) rays and has a beneficial function to suppress damage to the skin cells or skin tissues. Excessive accumulation of melanin may cause spots, freckles, and pigmentation. It is known to cause hyperpigmentation [2,3]
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