Abstract
This study was performed to examine the beneficial potential of steamed soybean wastewater (SSW), which is generated during the manufacture of fermented soybean products and usually discarded as a by-product. The SSW was found to contain considerable amounts of isoflavones and had concentration-dependent radical scavenging capabilities. Moreover, oral administration of SSW effectively prevented colonic damage induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), based on improvement of morphological and histological features, reduction of oxidative stress indicators, suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production, downregulation of inflammatory marker expression in the colonic tissue, and inhibition of the inflammatory activation of macrophages. It suggests that SSW could prevent intestinal inflammation in humans, although its efficacy should be verified through careful study design in humans. These findings have implications for enhancement of the value-added of SSW and for reduction of wastewater treatment costs incurred by the food industry.
Highlights
In East Asian countries, including China, Japan, and South Korea, soybean is processed into a variety of products, such as tofu, soymilk, soy sprout, doenjang, ganjang (Korean soya sauce), cheonggukjang, and gochujang.Most of the soy processing includes steaming or boiling, which leads to the generation of steamed soybean wastewater (SSW) as a by-product
As SSW contains a large quantity of organic matter, it should be subjected to wastewater treatment before discharge to the sewage, placing a substantial economic load on the soy processing industry
Among the potential strategies to reuse SSW, it could be spray-dried to produce a powder for use as a nitrogen source for microorganisms [34], or it could be considered as a source of isoflavones with various health benefits [2]
Summary
In East Asian countries, including China, Japan, and South Korea, soybean is processed into a variety of products, such as tofu, soymilk, soy sprout, doenjang (fermented soy paste), ganjang (Korean soya sauce), cheonggukjang (analogous to Japanese natto), and gochujang (a red pepper meju paste). To investigate the pathogenesis and etiology of human IBD, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is most widely used to induce acute colitis in animals [6]. Conventional and new biological therapies used in IBD patients showed efficacy in the DSS-induced colitis in mice, supporting that the disease model can be. Considering the potential benefits of soy components including antioxidant phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and oligosaccharides on gut health, SSW richly containing these compounds is expected, synergistically or additively, to have a protective effect against. Soy-derived peptides and isoflavones have been reported to alleviate DSS-induced colitis in animal models [13,14]. This study was conducted to address the question of whether SSW could alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice
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