Inhibitory Effect of Roselle Aqueous Extracts-HPMC 6000 Gel on the Growth of Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC 25923.

Abstract

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a medicinal plant commonly used as a beverage and herbal medicine. Complex compounds in the aqueous extracts have provided good antibacterial activity by which the growth of gram-negative and -positive bacteria is inhibited. The aims of this research were to formulate hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 6000 gel containing the extract and investigate the inhibitory activity of the extract and its gel formula against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel GF254 was used for analyzing flavonoids and polyphenols using butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:5) and chloroforms: ethyl acetate: formic acid (0.5:9:0.5) as eluent, respectively. A serial dilution of aqueous extract powder in citrate buffer was made to obtain 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05, and 0.02 mg/mL solution. The roselle aqueous extract (3%) was formulated as a component of gel containing HPMC 6000 in various concentrations (2%, 3%, and 4%). A diffusion agar method on two layers of nutrient agar media was applied using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and gentamicin 25 ppm as bacterial test and standard, respectively. After incubation for 24 h at 37°C, the inhibitory effect was denoted by a clear zone around the hole and the inhibitory activity was measured as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. contained flavonoid and polyphenol compounds based on the TLC chromatogram profile. It was found that the gel formula containing 3% HPMC 6000 and 3% aqueous extract gave a good physical characteristic and the lowest MIC (6.0 mg/mL), equivalent to 7.58 ppm of gentamicin standard at 12.0 mg/mL concentration. The HPMC 6000 at 3% (w/w) concentration in roselle aqueous extract gel preparation gave good physical characteristics. The gel preparation exhibited inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 shown by MIC 6.0 mg/mL. Formula 2 is recommended and should be further investigated for implementation in topical preparations.