Inhibitory effect of roasted/ unroasted Argania spinosa seeds oil on α- glucosidase, α-amylase and intestinal glucose absorption activities

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disease, which affects a large number of populations in the world. Phytotherapy is considered as the most remedies used by Moroccan people to treat this pathology. Argania spinosa L. (SKEELS) seeds oils is among the products that are used traditionally in Morocco for the anti-diabetic purposes. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of roasted (Roil) and unroasted (UnRoil) Argan seeds oils on α-glucosidase, α-amylase and intestinal glucose absorption activities in vitro and in vivo. MethodsThe antihyperglycemic effect of the roasted and unroasted Argania spinosa L. seeds oils was tested against α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, in vitro, at the concentrations (82, 165, 328 and 656 µg/mL) and (0.9, 2.25, 4.5 and 9 mg/mL) respectively. In addition, the inhibitory effect of the oils against these enzymes was confirmed, in vivo, in normal and STZ- diabetic rats. The antihyperglycemic effect of these oils was also tested against intestinal d-glucose absorption activity at the dose of 1 mL/Kg using the jejunum segment perfusion technique, in situ. ResultsThe results of this study were showed that the Roil and the UnRoil were significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the pancreatic α-amylase, in vitro, with (IC50 = 23, 98 mg/mL) and (IC50 = 5, 87 mg/mL) respectively. The same effect of these oils was confirmed against the intestinal α-glucosidase activity, with (IC50 = 0.081 mg/mL) and (IC50 = 0.117 mg/mL) for UnRoil and Roil respectively. Besides, the inhibitory effect of these oils against these enzymes, in vitro, was confirmed, in vivo. The oral intake of these oils at a dose of (2 mL/Kg) was significantly attenuated the hyperglycemia induced by the sucrose (substrate of intestinal α-glucosidase) and the starch (substrate of pancreatic α-amylase), in the normal and STZ-diabetic rats. Although, the Roil and the UnRoil at the dose 1 mL/Kg were found that they significantly (p < 0.001) reduce the intestinal glucose absorption, in situ, with 50, 99% and 57, 97% respectively. ConclusionThe Argan oils showed a very high anti-hyperglycemic activity. This effect could be achieved by the inhibiting of the activity of pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase and the intestinal absorption of D-glucose. Moreover, the UnRoil has shown a better anti-hyperglycemic activity than the Roil, which means that the torrefaction of the Argan seeds before the oil extraction, influence on the bioactive constituents responsible for this beneficial effect.