Inhibitory effect of leachate from Helianthus annuus on germination and growth of Kharif crops and weeds

Abstract

Allelopathic potential of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fresh plant tissues aqueous extraction in bioassay, rhizosphere soil in pot experiment and phytotoxicity of decomposed sunflower plant biomass in bioassay against Vigna radiata, Pennisetum glaucum, Trianthema portulacastrum and Parthenium hysterophorum was investigated. In bioassay aqueous extracts of fresh sunflower plant tissue inhibited the germination, seedling growth (shoot and root) and dry matter accumulation of test plant species. In pot study sunflower rhizosphere soil inhibited growth attributes (plant height, population, number of branches) and yield attributes (grain yield, biomass yield) of selected crops and weeds. Phytotoxicity of decomposed sunflower biomass showed inhibitory effect on selected plant species. The fresh plant tissues was greatest inhibitory to test plants and followed by that of the decomposed biomass extracts in all bioassays. Significant reductions in the root and shoot growth were observed as the extract concentration was increased. The concentrations of extract fraction of fresh sunflower was determined, since nine compounds i.e. ferulic, p-coumaric, syringic, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, found to be main growth inhibitors in sunflower plant tissue. These results suggested that sunflower plants may possess allelopathic potential, and the plant tissues may be potentially useful for weed management.