Abstract
As previously reported, high temperature- and high pressure-treated red ginseng (HRG) contain higher contents of phenolic compounds and protect C2C12 muscle cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes against oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect of HRG on oxidative stress using a mouse model. Our results show that the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, hepatic malondialdehyde in the HRG group were significantly lower than those of the exercise groups supplemented with commercial red ginseng (CRG) or not supplemented. The muscular glycogen level, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities of the HGR group were higher than that of the CGR group. Furthermore, the HRG treatment group displayed upregulated mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and muscle regulatory factor 4. These results indicate that HRG may protect oxidative stress induced by exercise as well as improve exercise performance capacity.
Highlights
Appropriate exercise is helpful to prevent cancer, diabetes, stroke, and hypertension, but the habit of excessive training promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and leads to oxidative stress [1]
The red ginseng treated with high temperature and high pressure was produced according to the method developed by Korea Food Research Institute
It is likely that this decrease can be attributed to the fact that the last week of the experimental period had a short period from Monday to Friday
Summary
Appropriate exercise is helpful to prevent cancer, diabetes, stroke, and hypertension, but the habit of excessive training promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and leads to oxidative stress [1]. ROS play a key role in homeostasis, signal transduction and cell proliferation in biological systems, but the amount of ROS is gradually increased through chain reactions, and the augmented concentration of the product is highly toxic in the body [2]. In order to protect the body from oxidative stress, there are endogenous enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which attenuate the deleterious effects of ROS [4] These antioxidants are located in intracellularly, extracellularly and in the mitochondria, and inhibit cell damage induced by ROS and free radicals in the body [5]
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