Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation causes sunburn, inflammatory responses, dysregulation of immune function, oxidative stress, DNA damage and photocarcinogenesis on skin. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been reported to inhibit inflammation. Carnosol, a major component of Rosemary, has prominent anti-inflammatory effects. However, its protective effect on UVB-induced inflammatory skin responses has not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of carnosol on UVB-induced inflammation. We examined the anti-inflammation effect of topical application of carnosol (0.05 µg/cm2) on UVB (540 mJ/cm2, for 3 successive days)-induced skin inflammation in HR1 mice. Topical application of carnosol inhibited UVB-induced erythema, epidermal thickness, inflammatory responses in HR1 mice. Carnosol reduced the level of Immunoglobulin-E and IL-1β in blood serum of UVB-induced mice. Carnosol also significantly inhibited the UVB-induced expression of inflammatory marker protein (iNOS and COX-2) in back skin of mice. In addition, carnosol treated skin decreased activation of STAT3, a transcriptional factor regulating inflammatory genes. Our study suggested that carnosol has protective effects on skin inflammatory skin damages by UVB.
Highlights
Ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiation is one of the most dangerous environmental factors causing several pathologic changes such as sunburn, erythema, edema, and skin cancer (Baek et al 2017)
Several studies have indicated that inflammatory skin disease such as atopic dermatitis is characterized by increased serum IgE level, upregulated pro-inflammatory genes, and increased release of cytokines (Choi et al 2016)
Our study demonstrated that carnosol treatment significantly reduced IgE, proinflammatory gene expression and cytokine releases in UVB-treated skin inflammation
Summary
UVB-irradiation is one of the most dangerous environmental factors causing several pathologic changes such as sunburn, erythema, edema, and skin cancer (Baek et al 2017). UVB irradiation induces skin damages through the production of inflammatory mediators (Afaq 2011; Oresajo et al 2012). Previous studies demonstrated that carnosol, one of components of rosemary extract, significantly inhibited inflammatory responses such as TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-10 generation (Yao et al 2014; Schwager et al 2016), NO generation, and expression of iNOS and COX-2 in inflamed mice skin (Mengoni et al 2011). We investigated antiinflammatory and anti-dermatitic effects of carnosol extracted from rosemary leaves in UVB-exposed atopic dermatitis mice. Mice were anesthetized with a single intraperitoneal injection of 90 mg/kg of ketamine plus 3 mg/kg of xylazine followed by exposure to UVB irradiation at 540 mJ/cm. Ear thickness was measured using a thickness gauge (Digimatic Indicator, Matusutoyo Co., Tokyo, Japan) to determine the degree of allergic skin inflammation induced by UVB treatment
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