Abstract

Interaural time differences and interaural intensity differences are the two major cues that enable vertebrates to localize the direction of a sound source. Small mammalian species with a correspondingly small head width (distance between the two pinna ca. 2-4 cm), such as most rodents, do not experience interaural time differences longer than 60-120 us and, therefore, they generally rely on interaural intensity differences (IID). High frequency hearing in the ultrasound range, which is common to these small animals, is advantageous to localize sound sources, because the wave lengths of ultrasounds are too short to bend around the head and because sound shadowing by the head becomes better with increasing sound frequency.

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