Abstract
The effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists (beta-agonists) on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated. The beta-agonists, procaterol, clenbuterol, fenoterol and terbutaline, inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta production in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas they had no effect on IL-8 production. TNF-alpha production was inhibited more potently than IL-1 beta. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) also inhibited the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, but not IL-8. TNF-alpha production was almost completely inhibited by dbcAMP, whereas IL-1 beta production appeared to be partially refractory even at the highest concentration examined. Both procaterol and theophylline elevated cAMP levels in LPS-stimulated PBMCs, but the effect of procaterol was limited. The inhibition of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta production by procaterol was additively potentiated with theophylline. dl-Propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, abrogated the inhibition of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta production by procaterol. These results indicate that beta-agonists inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, by elevating intracellular cAMP levels. These properties of beta-agonists might be beneficial in the treatment of allergic inflammation.
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