Inhibition of Prolactin Release by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Associated Peptide in Benign, Dopamine-Sensitive and in Malignant, Dopamine-Resistant Pituitary Tumors

Abstract

Since the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-associated peptide (GAP) has been reported to be capable of inhibiting prolactin release from normal lactotrophs, with the present study we have examined the in vitro effects of GAP on prolactin release in an estrone-induced, dopamine-sensitive rat pituitary adenoma and two malignant, transplantable and dopamine-resistant rat pituitary tumors, 7315a and MtTW15. Enzymatically dispersed cells obtained from the three types of tumor were cultured in multiwell dishes for 4 days. On the fifth day, the cells were exposed for 4 h to human GAP 1-56 or to the analog GAP 42-56 or to rat GAP 1-53, at various concentrations. In some experiments, the effect of a pretreatment of the cells for 16 h with pertussis toxin before exposure to human GAP was also evaluated. In the three tissues, rat GAP was able to inhibit prolactin release in a dose-dependent manner. Human GAP 1-56 and GAP 42-56 were able to inhibit prolactin release in a dose-dependent manner in all cells except those of the MtTW15 tumor. Furthermore, in adenomatous cells, the inhibitory effects of these peptides were suppressed by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. These findings indicate that GAP is capable of inhibiting prolactin release even in dopamine-resistant pituitary tumors. This inhibition is exerted through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-dependent signaling mechanism in adenomatous cells.