Abstract
Metastasis is one of the hallmarks of malignant neoplasms and is the leading cause of death in many cancer patients. A major challenge in cancer treatment is to find better ways to specifically target tumor metastasis. In this study, the anti-metastatic potential of the methanolic extract of Rhizophora apiculata (R.apiculata) was evaluated using the B16F-10 melanoma induced lung metastasis model in C57BL/6 mice. Metastasis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by injecting highly metastatic B16F-10 melanoma cells through the lateral tail vein. Simultaneous treatment with R.apiculata extract (10 mg/kg b.wt (intraperitoneal) significantly (p<0.01) inhibited pulmonary tumor nodule formation (41.1 %) and also increased the life span (survival rate) 107.3 % of metastatic tumor bearing animals. The administration of R.apiculata extract significantly (p<0.01) reduced biochemical parameters such as lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, uronic acid content, serum nitric oxide (NO), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and sialic acid levels when compared to metastasis controls. These results correlated with lung histopathology analysis of R.apiculata extract treated mice showing reduction in lung metastasis and tumor masses. Taken together, our findings support that R.apiculata extract could be used as a potential anti-metastasis agent against lung cancer.
Highlights
Cancer is a term used for disease in which abnormal cells proliferate without control and invade other tissues
In the present study we have evaluated the anti-metastatic activity of methanolic extract of R.apiculata in B16F-10 melanoma cell induced lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice
The lung is the first organ to be encountered by the tumor cells making it a major site for tumor metastasis (Hyoudou et al, 2004)
Summary
Cancer is a term used for disease in which abnormal cells proliferate without control and invade other tissues. Metastasis is a process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body through blood circulation and lymphatic system. A tumor formed by metastatic cancer cells is called as metastatic tumor (Klein, 2008). Many metastasis tumor develops at the first area of blood vessels that cancer cells arrive after leaving the primary tumor. After leaving the primary tumor, the lungs are one of the first site where metastatic cells are carried by the bloodstream (Hyoudou et al, 2004). The other common site for the cancer cells to metastasize includes brain, bones, liver, adrenal gland, lymph nodes, peritoneum, skin and other organs
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