Abstract
In addition to the issue of obesity in humans, the production of low-fat meat from domestic animals is important in the agricultural industry to satisfy consumer demand. Understanding the regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue could advance our knowledge to potentially solve both issues. Although the G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) was recently identified as an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in vitro, its role in vivo has not been fully clarified. This study was conducted to investigate the role of G0S2 gene in vivo by using two independent transgenic quail lines during different energy conditions. Unexpectedly, G0S2 overexpression had a negligible effect on plasma NEFA concentration, fat cell size and fat pad weight under ad libitum feeding condition when adipose lipolytic activity is minimal. A two-week feed restriction in non-transgenic quail expectedly caused increased plasma NEFA concentration and dramatically reduced fat cell size and fat pad weight. Contrary, G0S2 overexpression under a feed restriction resulted in a significantly less elevation of plasma NEFA concentration and smaller reductions in fat pad weights and fat cell size compared to non-transgenic quail, demonstrating inhibition of lipolysis and resistance to loss of fat by G0S2. Excessive G0S2 inhibits lipolysis in vivo during active lipolytic conditions, such as food restriction and fasting, suggesting G0S2 as a potential target for treatment of obesity. In addition, transgenic quail are novel models for studying lipid metabolism and mechanisms of obesity.
Highlights
Obesity is considered a major health problem in an increasing number of countries and is underscored by adiposity
A total of six transgenic quail lines [FABP4 promoterG0S2 (FG), FG1 to FG6 lines] were generated from four founders, and the transgene was confirmed by PCR (Figure S2, Table S1)
Transgenic quail possessed only one copy of the transgene that was located in various integration sites, except for FG3 and FG5 lines, which were generated from the same founder
Summary
Obesity is considered a major health problem in an increasing number of countries and is underscored by adiposity. Adiposity collectively refers to fat cell numbers and sizes in the body and is regulated by developmental, nutritional, and hormonal signals. Major health issues closely associated with obesity include diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. In adult animals, including humans, changes in adipose tissue mass mainly result from plasticity of adipocyte sizes rather than from changes in cell numbers. Mature adipocytes are composed of 70 - 90% triacylglycerides (TAG) that are synthesized and hydrolyzed in response to energy status, regulating adipocyte size and affecting fat mass. It is important to produce low-fat meat in the agricultural industry as providing a highquality meat is a possible approach to reducing obesity
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