Abstract
Though piperazine derivative BK10007S was known to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer xenograft model as a T-type CaV3.1 a1G isoform calcium channel blocker, its underlying antitumor mechanism still remains unclear so far. Thus, in the present study, the antitumor mechanism of BK10007S was elucidated in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). Herein, BK10007S showed significant cytotoxicity by 3-[4,5-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide (MTT) assay and anti-proliferative effects by colony formation assay in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. Also, apoptotic bodies and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) positive cells were observed in BK10007S treated HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylinodole (DAPI) staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. Consistently, BK10007S increased sub G1 population in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells by cell cycle analysis. Furthermore, Western blotting revealed that BK10007S activated the caspase cascades (caspase 8, 9 and 3), cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, survivin and for CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1 or CELF1) in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. Conversely, overexpression of CUGBP1 reduced cleavages of PARP and caspase 3, cytotoxicity and subG1 population in BK10007S treated HepG2 cells. Overall, these findings provide scientific evidences that BK10007S induces apoptosis via inhibition of CUGBP1 and activation of caspases in hepatocellular carcinomas as a potent anticancer candidate.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of intractable cancers worldwide and the fifth incidence in the United States according to The American Cancer Society [1, 2]
MTT assay was performed to test the cytotoxic effect of BK10007S (Fig 1A) in HepG2, SK-Hep1, Hep3B (Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines), Panc-1 (Pancreatic cancer cell line), HCT116 (Colorectal cancer cell line) and H460 (Lung cancer cell line) various cancer cell lines
BK10007S reduced cell to cell contact and DAPI staining and TUNEL assay revealed that more apoptotic bodies and TUNEL positive cells were shown in BK10007S treated HepG2 and/or SK-Hep1 cells, indicating apoptotic property of BK10007S in HCCs
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of intractable cancers worldwide and the fifth incidence in the United States according to The American Cancer Society [1, 2]. BK10007S induces apoptosis via CUGBP1 inhibition and caspase activation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
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