Abstract
Root caries prevention has been a challenge for clinicians due to its special anatomical location, which favors the accumulation of dental plaque. Researchers are looking for anti-biofouling material to inhibit bacterial growth on exposed root surfaces. This study aimed to develop polydopamine-induced-polyethylene glycol (PEG) and to study its anti-biofouling effect against a multi-species cariogenic biofilm on the root dentine surface. Hydroxyapatite disks and human dentine blocks were divided into four groups for experiments. They received polydopamine-induced-PEG, PEG, polydopamine, or water application. Contact angle, quartz crystal microbalance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the wetting property, surface affinity, and an infrared spectrum; the results indicated that PEG was induced by polydopamine onto a hydroxyapatite disk. Salivary mucin absorption on hydroxyapatite disks with polydopamine-induced-PEG was confirmed using spectrophotometry. The growth of a multi-species cariogenic biofilm on dentine blocks with polydopamine-induced-PEG was assessed and monitored by colony-forming units, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that dentine with polydopamine-induced-PEG had fewer bacteria than other groups. In conclusion, a novel polydopamine-induced-PEG coating was developed. Its anti-biofouling effect inhibited salivary mucin absorption and cariogenic biofilm formation on dentine surface and thus may be used for the prevention of root dentine caries.
Highlights
Dental caries is the localized destruction of susceptible dental hard tissues by acidic by-products from the bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates [1]
The small contact angle of the hydroxyapatite disk treated with polydopamine and polyethylene glycol (PEG) indicated a strong contact angle of the hydroxyapatite disk treated with polydopamine and PEG indicated a strong hydrophilic property of the surface
The results of the experiments on contact angle and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) suggested that a novel polydopamine-induced-PEG coating on the dentine surface was developed in this study
Summary
Dental caries is the localized destruction of susceptible dental hard tissues by acidic by-products from the bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates [1]. The development of dental plaque involves the adhesion of bacteria and subsequent colonization. Compared to coronal caries (dental caries development in the tooth crown), the prevalence of root caries (dental caries development in the tooth root) is increasing. This can be due to extended root exposure time by increased life expectancy and the special anatomical location of the root in the oral cavity [4]. Bacteria penetrate further into the tissue at an earlier stage of lesion development in root caries [6]. Control of bacterial initial adhesion to the root surface is critical for the prevention of root caries [7,8]
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