Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Increases the Nitric Oxide Levels in Canine Ischemic Myocardium

Abstract

Since angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) produces angiotensin II in the heart, ACE inhibitors may prevent coronary vasoconstriction and increase coronary blood flow. On the other hand, since ACE inhibitors also inhibit kininase II which results in reduced degradation of bradykinin, ACE inhibitors may increase cardiac nitric oxide (NO) levels via stimulation of bradykinin receptors. This study was undertaken to test whether ACE inhibitors increase the cardiac NO levels and coronary blood flow in the ischemic myocardium. In 34 open-chest dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused through an extracorporeal bypass tube from the left carotid artery. When either imidaprilat or cilazaprilat of 3μg/kg/min was infused into the bypass tube for 10 min after reduction of coronary blood flow due to partial occlusion of the bypass tube, coronary blood flow increased from 31±1 to either 45±5 or 43±4 ml/100 g/min despite no changes in coronary perfusion pressure (43±2 mmHg). During an infusion of either imidaprilat or cilazaprilat, bradykinin and the end-products of NO (nitrate+nitrite) concentrations of coronary venous blood were markedly increased, which were attenuated by either HOE-140 (an inhibitor of bradykinin receptors) or by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (an inhibitor of NO synthase). We also observed increases in cardiac bradykinin and NO levels due to either imidaprilat or cilazaprilat in the low constant coronary blood flow condition. It is concluded that ACE inhibitors can increase cardiac NO levels via the accumulation of bradykinin in the ischemic myocardium.