Inhibition of activated ERK1/2 and JNKs improves vascular function in mouse aortae in the absence of nitric oxide

Abstract

Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is important for vascular contraction. Decreased nitric oxide availability combined with activation of MAPKs contributes to an increase in vascular tone. In this study, we have determined the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) in reactivity of mouse aortae in the absence of nitric oxide. Additionally, we have examined the contribution of these kinases to endothelium-dependent and prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α)-induced contractions. Precontracted aortic rings were treated with MAPK/ERK kinase1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor U0126 or JNKs inhibitor SP600125 to determine reactivity after inhibition of nitric oxide synthase using organ bath chambers. Additionally, rings were pretreated with or without these inhibitors to assess PGF 2α- and acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent contractions. Specificity of the inhibitors was evaluated in each aortic ring by determining the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and c-Jun using Bio-Plex™ phospho-protein detection kit. In the absence of nitric oxide both inhibitors caused relaxation, and the dilator response was increased by 2.5-fold using SP600125 in comparison with U0126. Transient endothelium-dependent contractions were blocked by U0126, whereas SP600125 strongly attenuated sustained PGF 2α-induced contractions. U0126 inhibited only phosphorylation of ERK1/2, while SP600125 at higher concentrations not only inhibited phosphorylation of c-Jun but also ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that in aortae inhibition of activated ERK1/2 and JNKs mediates vascular relaxation, even in the absence of nitric oxide. Activation of ERK1/2 contributes predominantly to transient endothelium-dependent contractions while JNKs, possibly synergistically with ERK1/2, leads to sustained PGF 2α-induced contractions.