Abstract
BackgroundPatchouli alcohol (PA) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene extracted from Pogostemonis Herba, which is a traditional Chinese medicine used for therapy of inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that PA has various pharmacological activities, including anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects.MethodsIn this study, the anti-influenza virus (IAV) activities and mechanisms were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory effects of PA against IAV in vitro were evaluated by plaque assay and immunofluorescence assay. The neuraminidase inhibition assay, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, and western blot assay were used to explore the anti-viral mechanisms. The anti-IAV activities in vivo were determined by mice pneumonia model and HE staining.ResultsThe results showed that PA significantly inhibited different IAV strains multiplication in vitro, and may block IAV infection through inactivating virus particles directly and interfering with some early stages after virus adsorption. Cellular PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways may be involved in the anti-IAV actions of PA. Intranasal administration of PA markedly improved mice survival and attenuated pneumonia symptoms in IAV infected mice, comparable to the effects of Oseltamivir.ConclusionsTherefore, Patchouli alcohol has the potential to be developed into a novel anti-IAV agent in the future.
Highlights
Patchouli alcohol (PA) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene extracted from Pogostemonis Herba, which is a traditional Chinese medicine used for therapy of inflammatory diseases
Inhibition of influenza a virus multiplication in vitro by patchouli alcohol The cytotoxicity of Patchouli alcohol (PA) was firstly evaluated by MTT assay in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), A549 and 293FT cells [19]
The results showed that PA exhibited no significant cytotoxicity at the concentrations from 6.25 to 100 μg/ml (Fig. 1a)
Summary
Patchouli alcohol (PA) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene extracted from Pogostemonis Herba, which is a traditional Chinese medicine used for therapy of inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that PA has various pharmacological activities, including anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects. Influenza A Virus (IAV) belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, being segmented, single stranded, negative sense RNA viruses [1]. Patchouli alcohol is a tricyclic sesquiterpene extracted from Pogostemonis Herba, which has long been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases as a traditional Chinese medicine [10]. Recent studies have shown that patchouli oil has various pharmacological activities, including anti-emetic [11], anti-inflammatory [12], antibacterial [13], and anti-viral effects [14]. PA has the potential to be developed into a novel anti-viral agent in the future
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