Abstract
Characterized by high theoretical specific capacity (3860mAh/g) and the lowest reduction potential (-3.04 V), the lithium metal anode has received much attention in the continuous pursuit of highperformance batteries. However, the problems of uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth and the high chemical reactivity of lithium, which result in low coulombic efficiency and short cycle life of lithium metal batteries, have remained unsolved for decades. Even worse, the presence of lithium dendrites poses serious risks to battery safety. In recent years, much work has been conducted on the issue of lithium dendrites. In this review, we summarize the latest basic strategies for solving the lithium dendrite problem, including the choice of liquid electrolytes, the application of solid/gel electrolytes, modification on separator, and tailored surface and scaffold for lithium metal anode. In addition, challenges and prospects of lithium metal anodes are discussed.
Highlights
As an important part of portable electronics and new energy vehicles, batteries have become an important factor restricting their rapid development
We summarize the latest basic strategies for solving the lithium dendrite problem, including the choice of liquid electrolytes, the application of solid/gel electrolytes, modification on separator, and tailored surface and scaffold for lithium metal anode
Graphite is employed as an active intercalation anode material; during the charge process, the Li+ ions intercalate into the graphite, while the opposite occurs during the discharge process
Summary
As an important part of portable electronics and new energy vehicles, batteries have become an important factor restricting their rapid development. The problems of uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth and the high chemical reactivity of lithium, which result in low coulombic efficiency and short cycle life of lithium metal batteries, have remained unsolved for decades. We summarize some promising methods to inhibit lithium dendrite formation, including the aspects of electrolyte, separator, and anode.
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