Inhibiting effects of Leflunomide metabolite on overexpression of CD147, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PMA differentiated THP-1 cells

Abstract

Recent studies have reported elevated expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 147 on CD14(+) monocytes of the peripheral blood of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and a correlation of CD147 expression with Disease Activity Score. Thus, CD147 may be a new target for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The effect of leflunomide in blocking the up-regulation of CD147 and in blocking the down-regulation of metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in active macrophages has not yet been established. In this study we investigated the effect of A771726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, on expression of CD147 and on the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) differentiated THP-1 cells. The expression of CD147, MMP-2, and MMP-9 mRNAs were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, the levels of cellular surface expression of CD147 were determined by flow cytometry, and the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by zymography. Our results showed that A771726 significantly inhibited the expression of CD147 on the cell surface of activated THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01), inhibited the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01), and inhibited the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at concentration of 15 μg/ml and 45 μg/ml (P<0.01). Our results indicate that A771726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, inhibited CD147 expression at the protein level and inhibited gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells.