Inheritance of valuable economic characters in F1 hybrids of spring pebble vetch in the eastern part of the forest steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the inheritance of the main valuable economic traits of created breeding material of spring pebble vetch under conditions aridity intensification. Methods. Field, visual, measuring, weighing, quantitative, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. 18 breeding lines of spring pebble vetch obtained by diallel crosses were analyzed for valuable economic traits. It has been proven that the degree of phenotypic dominance of F1 hybrids can vary from hp > +1 to hp < -1 depending on the components of the cross. It has been established that in the predominant majority of hybrids, plant height inheritance occurs by types of overdominance and positive dominance. The character of inheritance of the lower pod attachment height is largely determined by the combination of parental components. For seed productivity traits (number of pods, number of seeds, seed weight), heterosis and partial positive dominance were revealed. The weight of 1000 seeds in the predominant majority of hybrids is directed towards small-seededness and inherited by the type of depression, partial negative and partial positive dominance. Conclusions. The results of the study show that the inheritance of feed and seed productivity traits in F1 hybrids of spring pebble vetch is quite complex, the manifestation of which largely depends on the conditions of the study and parental components. Six hybrid combinations were identified, in which the seed productivity traits were inherited by the type of heterosis. For traits suitability for mechanized harvesting, a number of lines were identified in which plant height and lower pod attachment height were inherited by the type of dominance. The identified breeding material can be used in practical breeding to create new varieties of spring pebble vetch with high seed productivity.