Inheritance of caffeine and heteroside contents in an interspecific cross between a cultivated coffee species Coffea liberica var dewevrei and a wild species caffeine-free C. pseudozanguebariae

Abstract

Coffee species originating from Africa, in particular the two major cultivated species C. arabica and C. canephora, usually contain caffeine in their beans, whereas almost all Malagasy coffee species are caffeine-free. However, one wild coffee species C. pseudozanguebariae, collected near the coast in south Kenya, is also caffeine-free. Beans of this species contain a specific heteroside diterpene (hereinafter referred to simply as heteroside) and give a bitter coffee beverage. We have investigated the inheritance of the caffeine and heteroside contents in the first and second generations of an interspecific cross between C. pseudozanguebariae and C. liberica var. dewevrei, for which the caffeine content is about 1% dmb (dry matter basis). The caffeine content of F1 hybrids (0.2% dmb) was lower than the parental average (0.47% dmb). Caffeine and heteroside contents appeared to be under polygenic control with a strong genetic effect. Nevertheless, one major gene with two alleles seemed to be involved in the control of both compounds. Absence of caffeine was apparently controlled by one recessive gene. Heteroside content seemed to be controlled by one co-dominant gene, heterozygotes being intermediate between the two different groups of homozygotes.