Inheritance of Agronomic Characteristics in F3 Soybeans (Agromulyo X Tanggamus) Using the Pedigree Method

Abstract

The research was conducted at the end of October 2020 - February 2021 in Raya Usang Village, Dolog Massagal District, Simalungun Regency, at an altitude of 1090 m above sea level. The purpose of this research was to determine the agronomic characteristics, heritability estimation value and the variety of genotypes of F3 (Agromulyo X Tanggamus). This research uses planting with the Pedigree method. The research design used an Augmented design, namely a strain design that was not repeated but with the elder plant being planted, to prove that the strain tends to be the parent of Agromulyo or Tanggamus. Observations made include: flowering age (days), harvesting age (days), plant height (cm), number of branches (units), number of pods (units), the seed weight per plant (g) and the weight of 100 seeds (g). From the results of research and analysis of statistical data taken from the mean character value, it is known that in the agronomic characteristics of F3 (Agromulyo X Tanggamus), there were several characters that have improved (load, harvest age, and weight of 100 seeds), there were also characteristics whose mean were between the Agromulyo and Tanggamus elder plant (plant height and number of branches, number of pods per plant, seeds weight per plant and the weight of 100 seeds). The criterion of the GCV is, low: GCV <7%, medium: GCV <14%, and high: GCV> 14%. All characters have a high GCV value except for the harvest age and the flowering age, which have a low GCV value. For heritability values in the broad sense of the criteria, it is h2 <0.2 for low heritability, 0.2 <h2 <0.5 for medium heritability, and h2> 0.5 for high heritability. The results showed that all characters in this study had high broad heritability values. The higher the heritability value, the greater the selection progress that is achieved and the faster the superior varieties are released. The results of this study were obtained in 20 genotypes through direct selection based on the character of the seed weight of which had the highest seed weight. The genotype numbers of the promising strains obtained were 181, 123, 196,113, 116, 162, 104, 39, 69, 200, 227, 70, 221, 63, 128, 15, 99, 66, 52 and 184. The genotype with the highest seed weight was found in genotype 181 (44.02 g), while the genotype with the lowest seed weight was found in genotype number 88 (28.69 g).